Matter in Our Surroundings
States of matter, evaporation and condensation, latent heat, and daily-life observations.
Is Matter Around Us Pure?
Mixtures and compounds, concentration terms, and separation techniques like filtration and distillation.
Atoms and Molecules
Laws of chemical combination, mole concept, writing chemical formulae, and calculating mass of molecules.
Structure of the Atom
Subatomic particles, atomic models, valency, and basics of isotopes and isobars.
Motion
Distance vs displacement, speed and velocity, acceleration, and motion graphs with equations.
Force and Laws of Motion
Balanced and unbalanced forces, inertia, Newton's laws, momentum, and conservation of momentum.
Gravitation
Universal law of gravitation, free fall, weight vs mass, buoyancy, and Archimedes' principle.
Work and Energy
Work, power, energy forms, potential and kinetic energy, and conservation of energy.
Sound
Production and propagation of sound, speed in different media, echo and reverberation, and applications.
The Fundamental Unit of Life
Cell structure, organelles, plasma membrane, diffusion, osmosis, and cell wall function.
Tissues
Plant and animal tissues, their structure, functions, and diagrams for quick recall.
Diversity in Living Organisms
Classification hierarchy, major groups with features, and basics of nomenclature.
Why Do We Fall Ill
Health and disease, infectious agents, prevention methods, and principles of treatment.
Natural Resources
Air, water, soil, biogeochemical cycles, and human impact on the environment.
Improvement in Food Resources
Crop production and protection, storage, animal husbandry, and sustainable practices.
Number Systems
Real numbers, irrational numbers, laws of exponents, and decimal expansions.
Polynomials
Degree and coefficients, zeroes of polynomials, Remainder Theorem, and factorisation basics.
Coordinate Geometry
Cartesian plane, plotting points, and understanding quadrants.
Linear Equations in Two Variables
Form of linear equations, plotting lines, and solutions through graphs.
Introduction to Euclid's Geometry
Euclid's axioms and postulates, basic results, and understanding the geometric approach.
Lines and Angles
Intersecting and parallel lines, angle pairs, and transversal properties.
Triangles
Congruency criteria, properties of triangles, and inequalities in a triangle.
Quadrilaterals
Properties of different quadrilaterals and the midpoint theorem.
Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles
Relation between areas of parallelograms and triangles on the same base between parallel lines.
Circles
Circle terminology, angle subtended by chords, and perpendicular bisector properties.
Constructions
Basic ruler-compass constructions, perpendicular bisectors, and angle bisectors.
Heron's Formula
Area of triangles using side lengths and applying it to quadrilaterals.
Surface Areas and Volumes
Surface area and volume of cubes, cuboids, cylinders, cones, and spheres.
Statistics
Data collection, ungrouped mean, median, mode, and graphical representation basics.
Probability
Experimental probability of simple events from everyday contexts.
